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| Guinea-Bissau |

Introduction | Guinea-Bissau

Background: | In 1994, 20 years after independence from Portugal, the country's first multiparty legislative and presidential elections were held. An army uprising that triggered a bloody civil war in 1998 created hundreds of thousands of displaced persons. A military junta ousted the president in May 1999. An interim government turned over power in February 2000 when opposition leader Kumba YALA took office following two rounds of transparent presidential elections. Guinea-Bissau's transition back to democracy will be complicated by its crippled economy, devastated in the civil war.

Geography | Guinea-Bissau

Location: | Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal
Geographic coordinates: | 12 00 N, 15 00 W
Map references: | Africa
Area: | total: 36,120 sq km water: 8,120 sq km land: 28,000 sq km
Area - comparative: | slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut
Land boundaries: | total: 724 km border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km
Coastline: | 350 km
Maritime claims: | exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Climate: | tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Terrain: | mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east
Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location in the northeast corner of the country 300 m
Natural resources: | fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, unexploited deposits of petroleum
Land use: | arable land: 10.67% permanent crops: 1.78% other: 87.55% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: | 170 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: | hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires
Environment - current issues: | deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing
Environment - international agreements: | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note: | this small country is swampy along its western coast and low-lying further inland

People | Guinea-Bissau

Population: | 1,360,827 (July 2003 est.)
Age structure: | 0-14 years: 41.9% (male 284,150; female 285,370) 15-64 years: 55.2% (male 358,891; female 392,703) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 17,285; female 22,428) (2003 est.)
Median age: | total: 18.8 years male: 18.2 years female: 19.4 years (2002)
Population growth rate: | 2.02% (2003 est.)
Birth rate: | 38.41 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Death rate: | 16.62 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Net migration rate: | -1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Infant mortality rate: | total: 110.29 deaths/1,000 live births female: 99.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 120.99 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 46.97 years male: 45.09 years female: 48.91 years (2003 est.)
Total fertility rate: | 5.07 children born/woman (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | 2.8% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | 17,000 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: | 1,200 (2001 est.)
Nationality: | noun: Guinean(s) adjective: Guinean
Ethnic groups: | African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%
Religions: | indigenous beliefs 50%, Muslim 45%, Christian 5%
Languages: | Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages
Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.4% male: 58.1% female: 27.4% (2003 est.)

Government | Guinea-Bissau

Country name: | conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau local short form: Guine-Bissau local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau former: Portuguese Guinea
Government type: | republic, multiparty since mid-1991
Capital: | Bissau
Administrative divisions: | 9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali; note - Bolama may have been renamed Bolama/Bijagos
Independence: | 24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)
National holiday: | Independence Day, 24 September (1973)
Constitution: | 16 May 1984, amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993, 9 June 1993, and 1996
Legal system: | NA
Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: | chief of state: President Henrique ROSA (interim; since 28 September 2003); note - a September 2003 coup overthrough the elected government of Kumba YALA; General Verissimo Correia SEABRA served as interim president from 14 to 28 September 2003 elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 28 November 1999 and 16 January 2000 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president after consultation with party leaders in the legislature note: a bloodless coup led to the dissolution of the elected government of Kumba YALA in September 2003; General Verissimo Correia SEABRA served as interim president from 14 September 2003 until stepping aside on 28 September 2003 with the establishment of a caretaker government election results: Kumba YALA elected president; percent of vote, second ballot - Kumba YALA (PRS) 72%, Malan Bacai SANHA (PAIGC) 28% cabinet: NA head of government: Prime Minister Artur SANHA (since 28 September 2003)
Legislative branch: | unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (100 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve a maximum of four years); note - President YALA dissolved the National People's Assembly in November 2002, elections for a new legislature were scheduled to fall in February 2003 but were then postponed to April, then July, and were last scheduled to occur in September 2003 elections: last held 28 November 1999 (next to be held NA September 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRS 37, RGB 27, PAIGC 25, 11 remaining seats went to 5 of the remaining 10 parties that fielded candidates
Judicial branch: | Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists of nine justices who are appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases); Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and misdemeanor criminal cases)
Political parties and leaders: | African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Francisco BENANTE]; Front for the Liberation and Independence of Guinea or FLING [Francois MENDY]; Guinea-Bissau Resistance-Ba Fata Movement or RGB-MB [Helder Vaz LOPES]; Guinean Civic Forum or FCG [Antonieta Rosa GOMES]; International League for Ecological Protection or LIPE [Alhaje Bubacar DJALO, president]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Abubacer BALDE, secretary general]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS [Kumba YALA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president, Dr. Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Social Democratic Party or PUSD [Victor Sau'de MARIA]
Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA
International organization participation: | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Henrique Adriano DA SILVA chancery: 1511 K Street NW, Suite 519, Washington, DC 20005 FAX: [1] (202) 347-3954 telephone: [1] (202) 347-3950
Diplomatic representation from the US: | the US Embassy suspended operations on 14 June 1998 in the midst of violent conflict between forces loyal to then President VIEIRA and military-led junta; for the time being, US embassy Dakar is responsible for covering Guinea-Bissau: telephone - [221] 823-4296; FAX - [221] 822-5903
Flag description: | two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Economy | Guinea-Bissau

Economy - overview: | One of the 10 poorest countries in the world, Guinea-Bissau depends mainly on farming and fishing. Cashew crops have increased remarkably in recent years, and the country now ranks sixth in cashew production. Guinea-Bissau exports fish and seafood along with small amounts of peanuts, palm kernels, and timber. Rice is the major crop and staple food. However, intermittent fighting between Senegalese-backed government troops and a military junta destroyed much of the country's infrastructure and caused widespread damage to the economy in 1998; the civil war led to a 28% drop in GDP that year, with partial recovery in 1999-2002. Before the war, trade reform and price liberalization were the most successful part of the country's structural adjustment program under IMF sponsorship. The tightening of monetary policy and the development of the private sector had also begun to reinvigorate the economy. Because of high costs, the development of petroleum, phosphate, and other mineral resources is not a near-term prospect. However, unexploited offshore oil reserves could provide much-needed revenue in the long run. The inequality of income distribution is one of the most extreme in the world. The government and international donors continue to work out plans to forward economic development from a lamentably low base. Government drift and indecision, however, have resulted in low growth in 2002 and dim prospects for 2003.
GDP: | purchasing power parity - $901.4 million (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: | -4.3% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita: | purchasing power parity - $700 (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: 62% industry: 12% services: 26% (1999 est.)
Population below poverty line: | NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: 0.5% highest 10%: 42.4% (1991)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 4% (2002 est.)
Labor force: | 480,000
Labor force - by occupation: | agriculture 82% (2000 est.)
Unemployment rate: | NA%
Budget: | revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Industries: | agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks
Industrial production growth rate: | 2.6% (1997 est.)
Electricity - production: | 55 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source: | fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption: | 51.15 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports: | 0 kWh (2001)
Oil - production: | 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption: | 2,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports: | NA (2001)
Oil - imports: | NA (2001)
Agriculture - products: | rice, corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, cotton; timber; fish
Exports: | $71 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities: | cashew nuts, shrimp, peanuts, palm kernels, sawn lumber
Exports - partners: | India 51.5%, Uruguay 19.5%, Thailand 19.4% (2002)
Imports: | $59 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports - commodities: | foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products
Imports - partners: | Senegal 19.6%, Portugal 19.1%, India 15.3%, Taiwan 5.1% (2002)
Debt - external: | $941.5 million (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: | $115.4 million (1995)
Currency: | Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States; previously the Guinea-Bissau peso (GWP) was used
Currency code: | XOF; GWP
Exchange rates: | Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95 (1998) note: as of 1 May 1997, Guinea-Bissau adopted the XOF franc as the national currency; since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
Fiscal year: | calendar year

Communications | Guinea-Bissau

Telephones - main lines in use: | 10,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular: | 0 (2001)
Telephone system: | general assessment: small system domestic: combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines, radiotelephone, and cellular communications international: NA
Radio broadcast stations: | AM 1 (transmitter out of service), FM 4, shortwave 0 (2002)
Radios: | 49,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations: | NA (1997)
Televisions: | NA
Internet country code: | .gw
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 2 (2002)
Internet users: | 4,000 (2002)

Transportation | Guinea-Bissau

Railways: | 0 km
Highways: | total: 4,400 km paved: 453 km unpaved: 3,947 km (1999 est.)
Waterways: | several rivers are accessible to coastal shipping
Ports and harbors: | Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim
Merchant marine: | none (2002 est.)
Airports: | 28 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways: | total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways: | total: 25 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 20 (2002)

Military | Guinea-Bissau

Military branches: | People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary force
Military manpower - availability: | males age 15-49: 318,711 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: | males age 15-49: 181,318 (2003 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: | $5.6 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | 2.8% (FY02)

Transnational Issues | Guinea-Bissau

Disputes - international: | separatist war in Senegal's Casamance region results in refugees and cross-border raids, arms smuggling and other illegal activities, and political instability in Guinea-Bissau

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003